How to Raise Ducklings: A Beginners Guide

Q: What do ducklings eat?

Ducklings should be fed a high-quality, unmedicated waterfowl or duckling starter feed that provides the nutrients they need for rapid growth, including sufficient niacin for healthy leg development. Avoid medicated chick starter unless directed by a veterinarian. As they grow, ducklings can transition to grower feed and enjoy small treats like chopped greens, mealworms, or scrambled egg, but their main nutrition should always come from a balanced starter feed.

Last updated: March 6th, 2026

Raising ducklings is one of the most rewarding parts of keeping ducks, but those first few weeks are also the most important for their long-term health. Ducklings grow quickly and have specific needs when it comes to warmth, nutrition, water access, and housing. A well prepared setup during this early stage can prevent many common health problems later in life.

Unlike adult ducks, ducklings cannot regulate their body temperature well and depend on a properly designed brooder environment. They also require the correct feed formulation, including adequate niacin, to support healthy bone and joint development during their rapid growth phase.

Whether you are raising your first ducklings or adding to an established flock, understanding their basic care requirements will help them grow into strong, resilient adult ducks.

In this beginner’s guide, we will cover the essentials of raising ducklings, including brooder setup, temperature management, feeding guidelines, safe water introduction, and the transition from brooder to outdoor living.

With the right preparation and attentive care, ducklings quickly develop into confident, curious members of the flock.

How to Raise Ducklings — Ducklings arrived in the mail

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Part of the Beginner’s Handbook, Essential foundational data for new duck parents.

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Choosing Ducklings: Finding Your Feathered Friends

When it comes to choosing your ducklings, there are a few things to consider:

Breed Selection: Ducks come in all shapes, sizes, and colors! Research different breeds to find the ones that suit your needs and preferences. Popular breeds for beginners include Call Ducks, Khaki Campbells, and Indian Runners.
Sourcing: You can find ducklings at local hatcheries, farm supply stores (not recommended for pet ducks), or even through online sources. Make sure to choose reputable sources that prioritize the health and welfare of their birds. We got our ducklings from Metzer Farms.
Quantity: Decide how many ducklings you want to raise. Ducks are social creatures and thrive in groups, so you should get at least two to provide companionship.

Setting Up Your Brooder: Creating a Cozy Nest

Before bringing your ducklings home, you’ll need to set up a warm and safe environment for them to grow and thrive:

Brooder Box: A large plastic tub or a foldable playpen works well as a brooder box. Make sure it’s spacious enough to accommodate your ducklings as they grow.
Bedding: Line the bottom of the brooder with non-toxic bedding such as straw, wood shavings, or towels. Avoid using cedar shavings, as they can be harmful to ducklings.
Heat Source: Ducklings need warmth, especially during their first few weeks of life. We recommend using a heating plate and NOT a heat lamp. This will be much safer for your ducklings. Heat lamps pose a fire hazard. And the temperature is also easy to regulate. We will discuss the heat requirements below. Make sure to monitor the temperature regularly and adjust as needed.
Water: Provide shallow water dishes or a chick waterer for drinking. Do not give them access to deep water bowls. Ducklings can drown! Their fuzzy feathers will soak up all the water because they are not yet waterproof.
Food: Provide a shallow dish for feeding. Use duckling starter feed as it contains the essential nutrients ducklings need for healthy growth. Read more about their nutritional needs below.

Shopping List for Ducklings

Heat Requirements: Keeping Ducklings Warm

Ducklings rely on external sources of heat to maintain their body temperature, especially during their first few weeks of life. Here’s how to provide the right amount of heat at different ages:

First Week: Keep the brooder temperature at around 90°F (32-35°C) for newly hatched ducklings. Use the brooder heater plate positioned at a low height, allowing ducklings to move under or farther away from the heat source as needed.

3-day-old duckling under a heating plate

2-4 Weeks: Gradually reduce the brooder temperature by 7°F (3-4°C) each week (one degree Fahrenheit per day) until reaching ambient room temperature. You can easily do that by adjusting the height of the heating plate. Ducklings should be comfortable at room temperature (around 70-75°F or 21-24°C) by the time they are 3-4 weeks old.

5-6 Weeks: Once ducklings are almost fully feathered and accustomed to room temperature, you can remove the heat source during the day and only provide supplemental heat at night if temperatures drop significantly.

6-7 Weeks: By this age, ducklings should be able to regulate their body temperature effectively and no longer require supplemental heat. You can safely move them outside unless it is extremely cold. Monitor them closely during colder weather and provide shelter if necessary.

6-week old ducklings are almost fully feathered

Feeding Ducklings: Nutritional Needs

Ducklings have specific dietary requirements to support their rapid growth and development.

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Understanding the Importance of Niacin for Ducklings

When it comes to raising happy and healthy ducklings, paying attention to their nutritional needs is crucial. One essential nutrient that often gets overlooked is niacin, a form of vitamin B3. Ducklings need 2-3 times more Niacin than chicks. Let’s dive into why niacin is so important for your fluffy companions and how you can ensure they get enough of it.

What is Niacin?

Niacin plays a vital role in various bodily functions, including:

Metabolism: Niacin helps convert food into energy, ensuring your ducklings have the fuel they need to grow and thrive.
Nervous System Function: It supports proper nerve function, which is essential for your ducklings’ coordination and overall health.
Skin and Feather Health: Niacin contributes to healthy skin and feathers, keeping your ducklings’ plumage shiny and vibrant.

Why Do Ducklings Need Extra Niacin?

Ducklings have higher niacin requirements compared to many other poultry species. A niacin deficiency can lead to a condition called “perosis” or “slipped tendon,” which affects leg development and can cause deformities or lameness. This is particularly crucial during the rapid growth phase in the first few weeks of life.

Ducklings are messy eaters.

How to Ensure Your Ducklings Get Enough Niacin:

It is recommended that ducklings get >70mg of Niacin per kg feed (or 10 mg of Niacin per day). Adult ducks should get 12.5 mg per day and at least 50 mg of Niacin per kg feed.

Here are some practical tips to ensure your ducklings receive adequate niacin:

Balanced Diet: Provide your ducklings with a balanced diet formulated specifically for their needs. Commercial duckling starter feeds often contain sufficient niacin levels. Ensure the feed you choose meets their niacin requirements.
Supplementation: If you’re unsure about the niacin content in their feed or if you’re only able to find chick starters, consider supplementing their diet with additional niacin. You can do this by adding brewer’s yeast to their feed or niacin supplements to their water as recommended by Metzer.

We have supplemented our duckling’s drinking water with this Niacin just to be on the safe side. We added 150 mg of niacin to a gallon of water using a small measuring spoon.

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Here’s how to feed them at different ages:

1-2 Weeks: Start with a high-quality duckling starter feed, ideally with a protein content of around 20-22%. Crumbles are best at this age stage. You should have food available 24/7. You can mix it with water to make a mash. That will make it easier for the ducklings to eat it without choking.
3-8 Weeks: Transition to a grower feed with a slightly lower protein content (around 15-16%). You can mix the starter feed with uncooked oats to get to the lower protein level. You can also introduce small amounts of duckling treats like mealworms or scrambled eggs for variety at this stage. Ducklings can also start foraging for insects and small plants outdoors if the weather permits.
8-18 Weeks: By this age, your ducklings can transition to a maintenance feed suitable for adult ducks. Aim for a protein content of around 15%, and provide plenty of fresh water for drinking and swimming.
18+ Weeks: Continue feeding maintenance food. This comes typically in the form of pellets. Here again, ensure to purchase duck-specific food to meet their nutritional requirements. If you have laying hens, you should supplement with oyster shells to ensure they get enough calcium for strong eggshells. You can also get layer food, which is already rich in calcium, BUT this is not recommended when you have drakes as part of your flock. Read more about feeding adult ducks in our post “What Do Ducks Eat? Your Guide To Feeding Ducks“.

Ducklings and Water

Are Ducklings Waterproof?

While ducks are closely associated with water, it is important to understand that newly hatched ducklings are not fully waterproof like adult ducks. Their soft down feathers provide some insulation, but they lack the protective oil coating that allows mature ducks to repel water effectively.

In nature, the mother duck plays an important role in helping her ducklings become waterproof. When ducklings spend time under their mother’s wings and close to her body, oil from her uropygial gland (the oil gland near the base of the tail) is transferred onto their down. This helps provide an early layer of protection and supports the development of their own waterproofing.

As ducklings grow, they begin to stimulate their own oil gland through preening, spreading oil across their feathers. Over time, their feathers develop the structure and oil coating needed to repel water effectively. This process gradually improves their ability to stay dry, buoyant, and properly insulated while swimming.

Even though ducklings are not fully waterproof at first, water is still essential for their development. Ducklings instinctively seek out water for drinking, dabbling, and bathing. Access to shallow water allows them to clean their eyes and nostrils, practice natural behaviors, and begin learning the skills they will rely on as adult ducks.

Because their waterproofing is still developing, ducklings should only have supervised access to shallow water and must always be able to warm up and dry off easily.

Over the first few weeks of life, their feathers and oil production mature, gradually giving them the full waterproof protection we see in adult ducks.

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Safety Measures Every Owner Should Know

Ducklings’ relationship with water comes with important safety considerations, especially when they are very young. While water is essential for their development, ducklings can drown if left unsupervised in deep water, particularly during their first few weeks of life.

It’s crucial to provide them with access to shallow water under close supervision, ensuring they can safely splash and paddle without the risk of submersion. After their water adventures, ducklings need warmth to dry off and regulate their body temperature effectively. Without proper warmth and drying, they can become chilled and susceptible to illness. Therefore, it’s essential to provide a warm, dry environment for ducklings after water activities, allowing them to rest and preen their feathers to maintain their health and well-being.

Ducklings Bathing in a Baking Dish

Understanding Ducklings’ Water Needs as They Grow

As ducklings mature, their relationship with water evolves, presenting new opportunities and considerations for their care. Here’s how water plays a role in their development at different stages:

For Young Ducklings:

Introduction to Shallow Water: Start with shallow ponds or low containers to introduce young ducklings to water gradually.
Supervised Splashing: Allow them to splash and paddle in shallow water under close supervision to prevent accidents.
Limit Depth: Ensure water is no deeper than their chest to reduce the risk of drowning.
Warmth and Supervision Afterward: Provide warmth and supervision after water activities to prevent chilling and illness.

As Ducklings Grow:

Introduction to Deeper Water: Gradually introduce them to deeper water as their feathers develop and they become more confident swimmers.
Swimming Practice: Encourage swimming and diving to build strength and confidence, always supervising their activities.
Foraging Opportunities: Introduce natural bodies of water for foraging, promoting natural behaviors and a varied diet.
Maintenance of Waterproofing: Allow them to preen and stimulate their oil glands to maintain buoyancy and insulation in the water.
Post-Swim Care: Provide a warm, dry environment after swimming to help them regulate their body temperature and prevent illness.

As ducklings progress through their developmental stages, water remains an integral aspect of their upbringing, offering opportunities for growth, exploration, and enrichment. By understanding their evolving needs and providing appropriate care and supervision, you can ensure that your ducklings thrive in their watery world.

Observing Your Ducklings: Adjusting Care as Needed

Every duckling is unique, so observing their behavior and adjusting their care is essential. If ducklings appear too cold, they may huddle together or show signs of lethargy. On the other hand, if they’re too hot, they may pant excessively or move away from the heat source.

By providing proper nutrition and adjusting heat levels as your ducklings grow, you’ll ensure they have the best start in life and lay the foundation for healthy, happy ducks.

Caring for Your Ducklings: Tips for Happy, Healthy Birds

Once your ducklings are settled into their new home, here are some tips to ensure they thrive:

Daily Care: Check on your ducklings daily to make sure they have clean bedding, fresh water, and enough food. Ducklings can be messy, so be prepared to clean their brooder regularly.
Bonding: Spend time with your ducklings to help them get used to human interaction. Gentle handling and regular socialization will help tame your ducks and strengthen your bond. Read our post with the title “How To Get A Duck to Trust You?” to learn more.
Outdoor Time: When your ducklings are old enough (usually around 2-3 weeks), you can start introducing them to the outdoors under supervision provided it is warm enough. Ensure they have access to a safe and secure outdoor area to explore and forage.
Health Monitoring: Keep an eye on your ducklings for any signs of illness or distress. Common health issues in ducklings include pasty butt (a condition where droppings stick to the vent), respiratory infections, and leg problems. Consult a veterinarian if you notice any concerning symptoms.

Next Step: Preparing the Coop
As your ducklings grow, they will soon be ready to transition from the brooder to their outdoor home. Proper bedding, ventilation, and odor control become especially important during this stage. If you want a step-by-step guide on preparing their first coop and managing the brooder-to-coop transition, check out our guide Spring Coop Prep for Ducklings: Bedding, Smell, and the Brooder to Coop Transition.

Frequently Asked Questions about Raising Ducklings

What do ducklings eat?

Ducklings should be fed a high-quality, unmedicated waterfowl or duckling starter feed that provides the nutrients they need for rapid growth, including sufficient niacin for healthy leg development. Avoid medicated chick starter unless directed by a veterinarian. As they grow, ducklings can transition to grower feed and enjoy small treats like chopped greens, mealworms, or scrambled egg, but their main nutrition should always come from a balanced starter feed.

How do I keep ducklings warm?

Providing a brooder heater in their living space is essential, especially during their first few weeks of life. Maintain a temperature of around 90-95°F (32-35°C) initially, gradually reducing it as they grow feathers.

Do ducklings need water to swim in?

While ducklings enjoy swimming, they should be introduced to water gradually and always under supervision. Shallow water is ideal for young ducklings, allowing them to splash and paddle safely.

How often should I clean their living space?

Ducklings can be messy, so cleaning their living space regularly is crucial. Remove droppings and soiled bedding daily, and replace bedding as needed to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

Can ducklings be kept with other animals?

It’s essential to introduce ducklings to other animals cautiously and under supervision. While they can coexist with chickens and other poultry, interactions should be monitored to prevent aggression or injury.

When can ducklings be introduced to the outdoors?

Ducklings can start exploring the outdoors under supervision once they are around 2-3 weeks old for a short time. They can move outdoors once they are fully feathered, which is at about 8 weeks of age. Ensure they have access to shelter, water, and protection from predators.

How can I tell if my ducklings are healthy?

Healthy ducklings are active, alert, and have bright eyes. They should have clean feathers, eat and drink regularly, and produce firm droppings. Any signs of lethargy, distress, or unusual behavior should be addressed promptly.

Do ducklings need special care during cold weather?

Ducklings are sensitive to cold temperatures, so provide supplemental heat and shelter during colder months. Ensure their living space is draft-free and well-insulated, and monitor their behavior for signs of chilling.

At what age do ducklings mature into adult ducks?

Ducklings typically mature into adult ducks around 8-12 weeks of age, depending on the breed. At this point, they will have grown most of their feathers and can be transitioned to adult duck feed.

How can I bond with my ducklings?

Spending time with your ducklings, talking to them, and offering treats can help build trust and strengthen your bond. Handle them gently and avoid sudden movements to ensure they feel safe and secure in your presence.

Can I keep ducklings as pets in urban areas?

Before keeping ducklings as pets in urban areas, check local regulations and ordinances regarding poultry keeping. Ensure you have adequate space, shelter, and resources to meet their needs responsibly.

Can I release ducklings to local ponds?

The short answer is NO! It is illegal in most states to release domestic animals into the wild. Ducks are no exception. Releasing ducklings to local ponds or bodies of water is a bad idea for several reasons. Firstly, domestic ducklings may not have the necessary survival skills to thrive in the wild, especially if they were raised in captivity. Secondly, releasing non-native duck breeds into local ecosystems can disrupt native wildlife populations and lead to environmental imbalances. Additionally, most domestic ducks can not fly, so they are not able to escape predators or relocate to other places. Learn more about duck dumping and why it is cruel.

Remember, raising ducklings requires patience, dedication, and a willingness to learn. By providing proper care, attention, and love, you can enjoy a rewarding journey with your feathered friends!

Our ducklings arrived in the mail - this is their first week with us

From Tiny Ducklings to Thriving Flock Members

Raising ducklings is a special stage in the life of any duck keeper. In just a few short weeks, those tiny, fuzzy hatchlings grow into curious, confident young ducks with personalities of their own. Watching them explore their environment, discover water for the first time, and bond with their flock is one of the most rewarding parts of keeping ducks.

With the right brooder setup, proper nutrition, and attentive care during those early weeks, you are laying the foundation for a healthy, resilient flock. Small details such as warmth, clean bedding, and balanced feed make a big difference in how your ducklings develop.

Before long, those little peeps will turn into the familiar quacks and waddles that make duck keeping so enjoyable. And while the early days require a bit of extra attention, they pass quickly.

Providing a safe start today helps ensure your ducklings grow into strong, happy backyard companions for years to come.